Uncle Charlie always knows where the back stairs are
located. He's bright, outgoing, handsome
and witty; one could never imagine him shying away from a conversation in
public. However, he has a tendency to disappear out a window or a fire escape
just when people are looking for him.
Charlie's niece, and his namesake, begins to favor the back
stairs as well. She wants to avoid her visiting Uncle Charlie who is always
patrolling the parlor or dining room of her family's home, a
two-story house with a nice lawn and quirky neighbors. When she ambles up the front walk, there he is, guarding the front porch in his light-colored suit, smoking his cigar. The wooden steps around the back of the house
become her preferred entrance and egress.
The two Charlies play out this sinister game amidst a sunny,
but drab suburban setting. Just the way Alfred
Hitchcock likes it.
In Saboteur, the film Hitchcock made before Shadow of a Doubt, the entire expanse of America was made claustrophobic. Here, the suspense is telescoped to a pleasant neighborhood in Santa Rosa, and, eventually, the family house itself becomes a prison. The aforementioned back stairs, the
garage and the dining room all transform into possible traps.
This situation is quite different from the original daydreams
of the heroine, Charlotte Newton (Charlie, to her friends and family), when she
conjures a visit from her mother's worldly, bachelor brother, Charlie Oakley.
Charlotte is bored in her safe little community and she has
her well-travelled Uncle on her mind when, almost magically, she receives a
telegram informing her that Uncle Charlie is on his way to stay with them for a while! Her
elation is infectious as she walks down the street, beaming and chanting,
"I knew he'd hear me."
Hitchcock literally dissolves this very innocent and
youthful moment into the oncoming force of a locomotive, the train carrying the
wayward Charles Oakley.
He takes the young Charlie's bedroom for his stay at the
family house, while young Charlie moves in temporarily with her much younger
sister. This displacement of the young
woman grows as she learns more about her Uncle and his strange finances and idiosyncrasies
- he always carries large amounts of cash and he doesn't like his picture being
taken.
Soon, some reporters arrive to do a story on the Newton
family. But are they really reporters? Uncle Charlie seems very wary of them and
when one of them snaps his photo, he insists on them surrendering the
film.
Uncle Charlie transforms from a charming bachelor, to an odd
duck ,to a dark presence as the visit from the "outside" world that
young Charlie so longed for takes up residence with more baggage than she ever
anticipated. Their boring household is
now unsafe as the young Charlie learns a terrible secret about Charles Oakley.
In fact, she literally has to watch her step - did those boards that tripped
her come loose on their own?
Hitchcock seemed to have found a very good collaborator in
screenwriter Thorton Wilder. Wilder's
Pulitzer-Prize-winning play Our Town almost invented the idea of death lurking
behind the ideal image of small town America.
In the young Charlie of Shadow of a Doubt, one can see a bit
of Emily Webb, the heroine of Our Town, who is cautious about marriage. Indeed, when Charlie begins to receive the serious
romantic attention of one of the "reporters" who seem hot on Uncle Charlie's
trail, she is flattered, but halting.
The enormity of societal existence is being laid out to her very
rapidly. Life, marriage, money and death
are all explained in cynical sermons by her Uncle, who intones:
"The cities are full of women, middle-aged widows, husbands, dead, husbands who've spent their lives making fortunes, working and working. And then they die and leave their money to their wives, their silly wives. And what do the wives do, these useless women? You see them in the hotels, the best hotels, every day by the thousands, drinking the money, eating the money, losing the money at bridge, playing all day and all night, smelling of money, proud of their jewelry but of nothing else, horrible, faded, fat, greedy women... Are they human or are they fat, wheezing animals, hmm? And what happens to animals when they get too fat and too old?"
This is quite a strain for the young
Charlie as she finds herself desperately trying to avoid her Uncle, The house
becomes strange to her, and ultimately dangerous. For instance, she shares an intimate moment of romantic
revelation in the house's garage, only to later find the same location is a
deadly snare.
It is not news to anybody that Hitchcock got a great
amount of joy in pushing these macabre ideas to almost perverted ends. His camera seems to take strange pleasure in
robbing Young Charlie of her innocence. He
lingers on her broken spirit as she realizes evil in the world can survive and
thrive, even in the knowledge and view of the righteous. She sees evil, but can do nothing about it.
In a final toast, and a tender moment with
his sister, Uncle Charlie reveals the secret he has learned, that the instinct
to preserve the idea of "home"
and "family", and by extension
community, can provide cover for sinister doings.
Shadow of a Doubt moves Hitchcock a little further into the psychology of domestic life being invaded and taken advantage of by sinister forces. Rebecca and Suspiscion had already probed the infestation of marriage by psychopathic and cynical agents, but Shadow simultaneously expands this vision and turns it inward.
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